{"id":121,"date":"2022-06-13T16:45:32","date_gmt":"2022-06-13T16:45:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/frosty-bhaskara.212-227-160-186.plesk.page\/?page_id=121"},"modified":"2022-06-30T12:51:02","modified_gmt":"2022-06-30T12:51:02","slug":"l-histoire-du-rhum","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rhummartinique.88-208-243-145.plesk.page\/index.php\/l-histoire-du-rhum\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo; Histoire du Rhum"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"121\" class=\"elementor elementor-121\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8930b6e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8930b6e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e12a2a8\" data-id=\"e12a2a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6732485 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6732485\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.6 - 08-06-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h1>Le Rhum avant le Rhum<\/h1><p><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Dans son Histoire g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Antilles (Paris, 1667-1671), le P\u00e8re Du Tertre est le premier \u00e0 \u00e9voquer une boisson qui peut s\u2019apparenter \u00e0 l\u2019anc\u00eatre du rhum. Quelques d\u00e9cennies plus tard, le P\u00e8re Labat fait mention d\u2019une boisson de consommation courante, \u00ab l\u2019eau-de-vie de cannes \u00bb. Toutefois, la terminologie reste fluctuante : on parle aussi de \u00ab guildive \u00bb \u2014 de l\u2019anglais \u00ab kill devil \u00bb \u2014 ou bien de \u00ab tafia \u00bb. Le mot \u00ab rum \u00bb ou rhum, qui n\u2019est pas encore employ\u00e9, proviendrait quant \u00e0 lui des Antilles britanniques et de Malaisie \u2014 \u00ab brum \u00bb y d\u00e9signant une liqueur spiritueuse.<\/span><\/p><p>Aujourd\u2019hui, suivant la mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re utilis\u00e9e, on distingue essentiellement deux types de rhums : le rhum agricole, fabriqu\u00e9 dans neuf distilleries sur dix et qui repr\u00e9sente les 4\/5 e de la production martiniquaise. Et le rhum de sucrerie, obtenu par la fermentation des m\u00e9lasses provenant de la fabrication du sucre de canne. La Martinique en produit deux qualit\u00e9s : le rhum traditionnel, apr\u00e8s une fermentation courte ; et le rhum Grand Ar\u00f4me, au terme d\u2019une fermentation longue et sp\u00e9cifique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c7b8142 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c7b8142\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-707cea63\" data-id=\"707cea63\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-215a044a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"215a044a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>L\u2019apparition du rhum agricole<\/h1><p><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">L\u2019essor de la production rhumi\u00e8re, ind\u00e9pendante de la sucrerie, a lieu dans la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XIX \u00e8me si\u00e8cle. La progression des parts de march\u00e9 du rhum est alors li\u00e9e \u00e0 la surproduction mondiale qui affecte toute l\u2019\u00e9conomie sucri\u00e8re. C\u2019est \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque que les petits planteurs se reconvertissent dans la fabrication de rhum agricole (ou \u00ab rhum z\u2019abitant\u00bb, ou \u00ab rhum de vesou \u00bb). Parall\u00e8lement, le rhum b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie des diff\u00e9rents fl\u00e9aux qui s\u2019abattent sur le vignoble fran\u00e7ais. Mais ce sont les rations distribu\u00e9es aux soldats durant la Guerre de Crim\u00e9e qui vont le populariser.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-faff634 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"faff634\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5771ee69\" data-id=\"5771ee69\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ad790e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ad790e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Le coup d\u2019arr\u00eat de 1902<\/h1><p><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Avant 1902, le rhum repr\u00e9sentait pr\u00e8s du cinqui\u00e8me de la valeur totale des exportations. La destruction de Saint-Pierre entra\u00eenera une baisse de 37 % de la production. Le renouveau s\u2019amorce en 1905 : le monde rhumier a surv\u00e9cu et les usines se sont modernis\u00e9es. En 1913, la Martinique exporte plus de douze millions d\u2019hectolitres, compte quatre-vingt-six distilleries et seize usines.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2abf6d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2abf6d6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f7c93c\" data-id=\"3f7c93c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b564b6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b564b6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Les guerres et le contingentement<\/h1><p><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Le rhum conna\u00eet ses ann\u00e9es fastes pendant la premi\u00e8re guerre mondiale : on a besoin de cet alcool pour donner du c\u0153ur au ventre aux soldats dans les tranch\u00e9es\u2026 et fabriquer des explosifs. Mais au lendemain de la guerre, afin de favoriser la renaissance de ses eaux-de-vie, la m\u00e9tropole limite l\u2019importation de rhum avec la loi de contingentement du 31 d\u00e9cembre 1922.<\/span><\/p><p>Pourtant, ce sont surtout les cons\u00e9quences de la seconde guerre mondiale qui p\u00e8seront sur le sort des distilleries. Si le commerce avec la m\u00e9tropole reprend alors avec intensit\u00e9, l\u2019embellie est \u00e9ph\u00e9m\u00e8re : les ann\u00e9es cinquante marquent le d\u00e9clin des syst\u00e8mes de production h\u00e9rit\u00e9s du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle et le d\u00e9but des profondes mutations de l\u2019\u00e9conomie martiniquaise.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d20516d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d20516d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4dd7f4\" data-id=\"c4dd7f4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b51695 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3b51695\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.6 - 08-06-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"567\" height=\"304\" src=\"https:\/\/rhummartinique.88-208-243-145.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/transport-en-cabrouet.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rhummartinique.88-208-243-145.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/transport-en-cabrouet.png 567w, https:\/\/rhummartinique.88-208-243-145.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/transport-en-cabrouet-300x161.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4487f06\" data-id=\"4487f06\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1847806 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1847806\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"425\" height=\"301\" src=\"https:\/\/rhummartinique.88-208-243-145.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Locomotive.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rhummartinique.88-208-243-145.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Locomotive.png 425w, https:\/\/rhummartinique.88-208-243-145.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Locomotive-300x212.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Rhum avant le Rhum Dans son Histoire g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Antilles (Paris, 1667-1671), le P\u00e8re Du Tertre est le premier \u00e0 \u00e9voquer une boisson qui peut s\u2019apparenter \u00e0 l\u2019anc\u00eatre du rhum. Quelques d\u00e9cennies plus tard, le P\u00e8re Labat fait mention d\u2019une boisson de consommation courante, \u00ab l\u2019eau-de-vie de cannes \u00bb. Toutefois, la terminologie reste fluctuante &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/rhummartinique.88-208-243-145.plesk.page\/index.php\/l-histoire-du-rhum\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">L&rsquo; Histoire du Rhum<\/span> Lire la suite\u00a0\u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-121","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rhummartinique.88-208-243-145.plesk.page\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/121","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rhummartinique.88-208-243-145.plesk.page\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rhummartinique.88-208-243-145.plesk.page\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rhummartinique.88-208-243-145.plesk.page\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rhummartinique.88-208-243-145.plesk.page\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=121"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/rhummartinique.88-208-243-145.plesk.page\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":339,"href":"https:\/\/rhummartinique.88-208-243-145.plesk.page\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/121\/revisions\/339"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rhummartinique.88-208-243-145.plesk.page\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}